Qahtan
- Qahtan
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Qahtan (قحطان) (ou Yoktan) est traditionnellement l'ancêtre mythique des « Arabes du sud » (al Arab al Aribah) ou les arabes indigènes comme les Sabéens, qui entretenaient une rivalité avec les « Arabes du nord », descendants d'Adnan. Ils se revendiquaient être les descendants du prophète Houd et affirmaient être les représentants des arabes de « pure souche »[1].
Parmi les descendants de Qahtan, on distingue les Himyarites, sédentaires, et les Khalân, qui sont à l'origine de plusieurs groupes de nomades comme les Azd, les Tayy, les Hamdân, les Lakhmides et les Ghassanides. Ils se sont développés grâce au barrage de Ma'rib qui a permis de fertiliser de nombreuses terres arides.
Ils ont prospéré en plusieurs états, dont les royaumes de Saba et Himyar dont la famille régnante appartient à la tribu des Toubba[2]. On rattache généralement aux Himyarites, les Kalb qui se sont installés en Syrie à l'époque Omeyyades. Les descendants de Qahtan ont conquis un très vaste territoire et se sont mélangés à des populations indigènes de l'Espagne à l'Iran. Le cas le plus célèbre est l'historien Ibn Khaldoun, né en Tunisie.
Notes et références
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