Site de restriction

Site de restriction

Sites de restriction

Les sites de restriction sont des séquences particulières de nucléotides qui sont reconnues par les enzymes de restriction comme des sites de coupures dans la molécule d'ADN. Les sites sont généralement palindromiques, et une enzyme de restriction spécifique pourra couper entre deux nucléotides dans le site en question (enzyme de type II) ou en un autre endroit de la molécule (type I et type III).
Par exemple, l'enzyme de restriction EcoRI reconnait la séquence GAATTC et coupe entre le G et le A sur le brin du dessus et celui du dessous, laissant ainsi à la fin une extrémité AATT. Ces extrémités peuvent être utilisées pour lier cette pièce à un autre brin d'ADN complémentaire grâce à l'ADN ligase.

Utilisation

En médecine, la mutation ponctuelle de substitution intervenant dans le cas de la thrombophilie par mutation du facteur V de Leiden modifie le site de restriction de l'enzyme MnlI. On peut utiliser cette particularité pour le dépistage de la mutation. nbb

Voir aussi

  • Portail de la biologie cellulaire et moléculaire Portail de la biologie cellulaire et moléculaire
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